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SOMA: Buy Soma Muscle Relaxer

by Steve Draky

SOMA: Buy Soma Muscle Relaxer

Carisoprodol (Soma) is a prescription drug marketed since 1959. It is a centrally acting muscle relaxant. The diversion and abuse of carisoprodol have increased in the last decade. Now you can buy soma muscle relaxer from the web easily.

What is Soma?

SOMA also know by the carisoprodol Tablets. Soma is a muscle relaxer medicine which is given only by prescription of doctors but you can also buy soma muscle relaxer online. Soma medicine that blocks pain sensations between the nerves and the brain. Muscle relaxers are also prescribed for other conditions such as fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, and seizure disorders.

Soma is indicated for the relief of discomfort and relaxing associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions in adults.

Soma should only be used for short periods (up to 2 or 3 weeks) because adequate evidence of effectiveness for more prolonged use has not been established and there is also no evidence of Soma effectiveness in long term use and most skeletal muscle injuries are generally of short duration painful muscle discomfort conditions are generally of short duration mostly

Uses of Soma?

You should not take Soma if you have extreme muscle (carisoprodol) pain, a genetic enzyme disorder that causes symptoms affecting the skin or nervous system or are allergic to carisoprodol.

DOSAGE

The standard dosage for adults is 350 mg three times daily and at bed-time. Use in patients under age 12 is not recommended. According to IMS Health™, there were approximately 10.58 million prescriptions for carisoprodol dispensed in 2008.

The recommended doctor prescribed taking dose of SOMA is 250 mg to 350 mg three times a day and at bedtime. The recommended maximum duration of SOMA use is up to two or three weeks. 250 to 350 mg orally 3 times a day and at bedtime. You should consult your doctor before you buy soma muscle relaxer

Duration of therapy: Up to 2 to 3 weeks

Soma drug should only be used for short periods. For the relief of discomfort associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions.

Soma may be prescribed to treat back pain:

  • Early in the course of back pain, on a short-term basis, to relieve pain associated with muscle spasms
  • When back pain causes insomnia (for their sedative effect)
  • Soma are also prescribed for other conditions such as fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, and seizure disorders.
  • Soma drug of muscle relaxer medications commonly used to treat back pain.

Chemical structure of Soma Drug

Chemically, carisoprodol is N-isopropyl-2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3propanediol dicarbamate and the molecular formula is C12H24N2O4, with a molecular weight of 260.33. The structural formula is:

SOMA also know by the carisoprodol Tablets are available as 250 mg and 350 mg round, white tablets. Carisoprodol is a white, crystalline powder, having a mild, characteristic odor and a bitter taste. It is slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol, in chloroform and in acetone; and its solubility is practically independent of pH. Carisoprodol is present as a racemic mixture.

Muscle relaxers are not a class of drugs—meaning they do not all have the same chemical structure or work the same way in the brain. Rather, the term muscle relaxer is used to describe a group of drugs that act as central nervous system depressants and have sedative and musculoskeletal relaxant properties.

Muscle relaxers may be prescribed to treat back pain:

  • Early in the course of back pain, on a short-term basis, to relieve pain associated with muscle spasms
  • When back pain causes insomnia for their sedative effect

Warnings for Soma prescription for muscle relax

Muscle relaxants such as Soma (carisoprodol) and can be habit forming. Be sure to take your medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor.

Soma can also cause withdrawal symptoms, such as seizures or hallucinations sensing things that aren’t real. Do not suddenly stop taking your medication, especially if you’ve been taking it for a long time. All precautions should be followed before you buy soma muscle relaxer online.

Also, Soma depress your central nervous system (CNS), making it hard to pay attention or stay awake. While taking a muscle relaxant, avoid activities that require mental alertness or coordination, such as driving or using heavy machinery.

You should not take Soma drug with:

  • alcohol
  • CNS depressant drugs, such as opioids.
  • sleeping medications
  • herbal supplements

Talk to your doctor about how you can safely buy soma muscle relaxer drug if you:

  • are older than 65 years
  • have a mental health problem or brain disorder
  • have liver problems

Soma Prescription medications

Prescription medications are divided into two groups: antispasmodics and antispastics. Antispasmodics are used to treat muscle spasms, and antispastics are used to treat muscle spasticity. Some antispasmodics, such as tizanidine, can be used to treat muscle spasticity. However, antispastics should not be used to treat muscle spasms.

Soma dosing information

250 mg Tablets: round, convex, white tablets, inscribed with SOMA 250

350 mg Tablets: round, convex, white tablets, inscribed with SOMA 350

Storage And Handling

250 mg Tablets: round, convex, white tablets, inscribed with SOMA 250; available in bottles of 100 (NDC 0037-2250-10) and bottles of 30 (NDC 0037-2250-30).

350 mg Tablets: round, convex, white tablets, inscribed with SOMA 350; available in bottles of 100 (NDC 0037-2001-01).

What are the side effects of soma?

Clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in clinical studies of soma cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect rates observed in practice.

Allergic reaction may couse some time by soma so be carefull

An allergic reaction to Soma hives difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

High levels of serotonin in the body – agitation, hallucinations, fever, sweating, shivering, increase in heart rate fast heart beats muscle stiffness, twitching, loss of coordination, nausea, vomiting, and etc…

For complete care in any side effects call some one Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You should be properly aware about all the side effects before you buy soma muscle relaxer online.

Muscle pain or soma uses

Buy Soma Muscle relaxer , or muscle relaxants, to treat muscle spasms or muscle spasticity. Muscle pain or cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions of a muscle or group of muscles. They can be caused by too much muscle strain and lead to pain. They’re associated with conditions such as lower back pain, neck pain. Muscle pain on the other hand, is a continuous muscle spasm that causes stiffness, rigidity, or tightness that can interfere with normal walking, talking, or movement. Muscle spasticity is caused by injury to parts of the brain or spinal cord involved with movement. Conditions that can cause muscle spasticity include multiple sclerosis (MS), cerebral palsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Prescription drugs can help relieve the pain and discomfort from muscle spasms or spasticity. In addition, certain over-the-counter medications may be used to treat aches and pains associated with muscle spasms.

 How should take Soma?

Take Soma exactly as doctor told and how it was prescribed for you. directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets must be followed carefully.

Take the Soma as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time. Overdose symptoms may include vision problems, confusion, hallucinations, muscle stiffness, loss of coordination, weak or shallow breathing, fainting, seizure, or coma.

Soma is usually taken two to three times per day and at bedtime. call your doctor’s dosing instructions very carefully. Soma is only part of a complete program of treatment for muscle pain that may also include rest, physical therapy, or other pain relief measures.

Ask your doctor how to safely stop using this medicine.

 If overdose taken of Soma?

For decontamination in cases of severe toxicity, charcoal should be considered in a hospital setting in patients with large overdoses who present early and are not demonstrating CNS depression and can protect their airway.

Basic life supports or machine oxygen mask and may be a ventilator for patient measures should be instituted as dictated by the clinical presentation of the SOMA overdose. Vomiting should not be induced because of the risk of CNS and respiratory depression, and subsequent aspiration. Bloogcirculartion support should be administered with volume infusion and vasopressor agents if needed. Seizures should be treated with intravenous benzodiazepines and the reoccurrence of seizures may be treated with phenobarbital. In cases of severe CNS depression, airway protective reflexes may be compromised and tracheal intubation should be considered for airway protection and respiratory support.

Tense, spasming muscles are often the underlying cause of back and neck pain. If the pain is severe or chronic and does not respond to over-the counter medications, muscle relaxants may be prescribed. Muscle relaxers:

  • Reduce skeletal muscle spasms
  • Relieve pain
  • Increase mobility of the affected muscles

 

Muscle relaxers are used in addition to rest, physical therapy, and other measures to relieve discomfort. They are typically prescribed for short-term use to treat acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions. Muscle relaxers are occasionally prescribed for chronic pain (pain lasting longer than 3 months).

 

CategoriesAdults ADHD

What is Adderall? Where to buy cheap adderall online ? 

by Steve Draky

What is Adderall? Where to buy cheap adderall online ?

Adderall is a prescription medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Adderall contains a combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Adderall is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. You can buy cheap adderall online if your doctor consult you to consume adderall.

Adderall may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Adderall, a brand name, is a combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, which are central nervous system stimulants. Taking Adderall may help increase the ability to focus, pay attention and control behavior. Adderall may be habit-forming, and this medicine is a drug of abuse.

Tell your doctor if you have had problems with drug or alcohol abuse.

Adderall may cause new or worsening psychosis (unusual thoughts or behavior), especially if you have a history of depression, mental illness, or bipolar disorder.

Uses of Adderall

Read the Medication Guide provided by your pharmacist before you start taking amphetamine/dextroamphetamine and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

This combination medication is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – ADHD. It works by changing the amounts of certain natural substances in the brain.

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.

The first dose is usually taken when you wake up in the morning. Take this medication by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually 1 to 3 times a day.

If more doses are prescribed, take them as directed by your doctor, usually 4-6 hours apart. Taking this medication late in the day may cause trouble sleeping (insomnia).

Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day.

Though it helps many people, this medication may sometimes cause addiction. This risk may be higher if you have a substance use disorder (such as overuse of or addiction to drugs/alcohol). Do not increase your dose, take it more often, or use it for a longer time than prescribed. Properly stop the medication when so directed.

Adderall may be habit-forming, and this medicine is a drug of abuse. You can easily buy cheap adderall online from the internet.

Warning for taking Adderall (buy cheap adderall online)

Do not use this medicine if you have used a MAO inhibitor in the past 14 days, such as isocarboxazid, linezolid, phenelzine, rasagiline, selegiline, or tranylcypromine or have received a methylene blue injection.

If you take Adderall for ADHD, or for other purposes, it’s important to be aware of the side effects before you buy cheap adderall online. Effects can be positive when Adderall is taken as intended, but for people without ADHD who use the drug without medical supervision, the effects can be dangerous. Learn more about the range of effects this stimulant has on your body.

This medication may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert.

Avoid drinking fruit juices or taking vitamin C at the same time you take Adderall. These can make your body absorb less of the medicine.

Adderall can affect growth in children. Tell your doctor if your child is not growing at a normal rate while using this medicine.

Common Adderall side effects may include:

  • stomach pain, loss of appetite;
  • weight loss;
  • mood changes, feeling nervous;
  • fast heart rate;
  • headache, dizziness;
  • sleep problems (insomnia); or
  • dry mouth.

If you suddenly stop using this medication, you may have withdrawal symptoms (such as severe tiredness, sleep problems, mental/mood changes such as depression).

To help prevent withdrawal, your doctor may lower your dose slowly. Withdrawal is more likely if you have used this medication for a long time or in high doses. Tell your doctor or pharmacist right away if you have withdrawal.

Dosage of Adderall- Buy cheap adderall online in USA

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Your doctor may adjust your dose to find the dose that is best for you. Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully.

Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day.

During treatment, your doctor may occasionally recommend stopping the medication for a short time to see whether there are any changes in your behavior and whether the medication is still needed.

Adderall is available as a tablet and as an extended-release capsule (Adderall XR). It comes in varying doses, ranging from 5 mg to 30 mg. The prescribed dose will depend on the size of the patient and the severity of symptoms. Doctors typically start patients with a low dose and gradually increase the dose, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

The tablet is usually taken two to three times daily and the extended-release capsule is usually taken once daily, according to the NIH.

Doses are different for different ages group so be carefull while taking it:

Age 6 to 11 Years:

-Initial Dose: 5 mg orally per day in divided doses

-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 5 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained.

Age 12 Years and Older:

-Initial Dose: 10 mg orally per day in divided doses

-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 10 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained.

Note:

-The first dose should be given on awakening; 1 to 2 additional doses should be given at intervals of 4 to 6 hours.

-The usual dose is 5 to 60 mg per day in divided doses, depending on the individual patient response.

-Dosage should be reduced if bothersome adverse reactions (e.g., insomnia, anorexia) appear.

-Narcolepsy rarely occurs in children under 12 years of age.

Side effects of Adderall- Buy cheap adderall online without prescription

Adderall is not for everybody. It should not be used by patients with a history of glaucoma, severe anxiety or agitation, a personal or family history of tics, or Tourette syndrome. Stimulants can also cause sudden death in patients with congenital heart defects or serious heart problems. As a result, patients should alert their doctors if they have a history of heart disease, heart rhythm disorder, coronary artery disease or heart attacks, according to the NIH. Doctors should also be alerted if the patient has a history of high blood pressure, mental illness, peripheral vascular disease or seizure disorders.

Seek medical attention right away if you have symptoms of serotonin syndrome, such as: agitation, hallucinations, fever, sweating, shivering, fast heart rate, muscle stiffness, twitching, loss of coordination, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Call doctor as early as possible Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to Adderall: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Call your doctor at once if you have:

  • signs of heart problems – chest pain, trouble breathing, feeling like you might pass out;
  • signs of psychosis – hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not real), new behavior problems, aggression, hostility, paranoia;
  • signs of circulation problems – numbness, pain, cold feeling, unexplained wounds, or skin color changes (pale, red, or blue appearance) in your fingers or toes;

Adderall can affect growth in children. Tell your doctor if your child is not growing at a normal rate while using this medicine.

Common Adderall side effects may include:

Dextroamphetamine and amphetamine may cause side effects, including:

  • Nervousness
  • Restlessness
  • Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
  • Uncontrollable shaking of a part of the body
  • Headache
  • Changes in sex drive or ability
  • Dry mouth
  • Stomach pain
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Loss of appetite
  • Weight loss

What should I avoid while taking Adderall?

For people diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Adderall helps to improve concentration and focus. As a central nervous system stimulant it can also have the very same effects on people without ADHD. Adults ages 65 and older should usually not take Adderall because it is not as safe as other medications for this age group, the NIH says.

Adderall is not for everybody. It should not be used by patients with a history of glaucoma, severe anxiety or agitation, a personal or family history of tics, or Tourette syndrome. Stimulants can also cause sudden death in patients with congenital heart defects or serious heart problems.

If you take Adderall for ADHD, or for other purposes, it’s important to be aware of the side effects. Effects can be positive when Adderall is taken as intended, but for people without ADHD who use the drug without medical supervision, the effects can be dangerous. Learn more about the range of effects this stimulant has on your body. As a result, patients should alert their doctors if they have a history of heart disease, heart rhythm disorder, coronary artery disease or heart attacks, according to the NIH. Doctors should also be alerted if the patient has a history of high blood pressure, mental illness, peripheral vascular disease or seizure disorders.

Abuse and addiction to Adderall- Buy cheap adderall online

There is a rising trend of college students abusing Adderall and similar drugs, like Ritalin, to perform better on tests and papers. A study by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) found that full-time college students were twice as likely as non-students to have used Adderall non-medically.

“Adderall has become one of the mainstay drugs at many party events both on [college] campus[es] and off because it is cheap and easy to access

Chronic abuse is marked by severe rash, insomnia, irritability and personality changes. The most severe symptom of abuse is psychosis, which is often clinically indistinguishable from schizophrenia, according to the FDA.

Toxic symptoms from taking an overdose of Adderall can come at low doses. Initial signs of an overdose include restlessness, tremor, confusion, hallucinations and panic, the FDA says. After this central stimulation, the patient will undergo fatigue, depression, and often cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms. The NIH says that people should contact a medical professional immediately if they suspect that they or someone they know has overdosed on Adderall.

 

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About – Buy Klonopin Online legally (General Information)

Medicines are prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use Klonopin for a condition for which it is unprescribed. Do not give Klonopin to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. If you are having problem in buying Klonopin then you can buy Klonopin online legally.

This Medication Guide summarizes the essential information about Klonopin. If you would like more information, talk with your healthcare provider. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about Klonopin, written for health professionals. You can also surf the web about it and how you can buy Klonopin online legally.

Klonopin, a benzodiazepine, is available as scored tablets with a K-shaped perforation containing 0.5 mg of clonazepam and unscored tablets with a K-shaped perforation containing 1 mg or 2 mg of clonazepam. Each tablet also contains lactose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and corn starch, with the following colorants: 0.5 mg—FD&C Yellow No. 6 Lake; 1 mg—FD&C Blue No. 1 Lake, and FD&C Blue No. 2 Lake. Chemically, clonazepam is 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4­ benzodiazepine-2-one. It is a light yellow crystalline powder. It has a molecular weight of 315.72.

What is KLONOPIN? Buy Klonopin online legally.

Klonopin is a prescription medicine used alone or with other medicines to treat:

• certain types of seizure disorders (epilepsy) in adults and children

• panic disorder with or without fear of open spaces (agoraphobia) in adults

It is still unknown if Klonopin is safe or effective in treating panic disorder in children younger than 18.

Who should not take KLONOPIN?

Do not take KLONOPIN if you:

• are allergic to benzodiazepines

• have significant liver disease

• have an eye disease called acute narrow-angle glaucoma. Ask your healthcare provider if you are not sure if you have any of the problems listed above.

If you are taking or want to buy Klonopin online legally, you should consult about it with your doctor.

What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking KLONOPIN?

Before you take KLONOPIN, tell your healthcare provider if you:

• have liver or kidney problems

• have lung problems (respiratory disease) 

• have or have had depression, mood problems, or suicidal thoughts or behavior

• have any other medical conditions? Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.

Taking Klonopin with certain other medicines can cause side effects or affect how well they work. Details are all over the internet first, know the precautions about it, and then legally buy Klonopin. Do not start or stop other drugs without talking to your healthcare provider.

Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them and show it to your healthcare provider and pharmacist when you get a new drug.

How should I take KLONOPIN? Buy Klonopin online legally.

 

• Take KLONOPIN precisely as your healthcare provider tells you. KLONOPIN is available as a tablet.

• Do not stop taking KLONOPIN without first talking to your healthcare provider. Stopping KLONOPIN can cause serious problems.

• KLONOPIN tablets should be taken with water and swallowed whole.

• If you take too much KLONOPIN, call your healthcare provider or local Poison Control Center right away. What should I avoid while taking KLONOPIN?

• KLONOPIN can slow your thinking and motor skills. Do not drive, operate heavy machinery, or do other dangerous activities until you know how KLONOPIN affects you.

• Do not drink alcohol or take other drugs that may make you sleepy or dizzy while taking KLONOPIN until you talk to your healthcare provider.

When taken with alcohol or drugs that cause sleepiness or dizziness, KLONOPIN may worsen your drowsiness or dizziness. You can buy Klonopin online legally.

What are the possible side effects of KLONOPIN?

See “What is the most important information I should know about KLONOPIN?”

KLONOPIN can also make your seizures happen more often or make them worse.

Call your healthcare provider right away if your seizures get worse while taking KLONOPIN. The most common side effects of KLONOPIN include:

• Drowsiness

• Problems with walking and coordination

• Dizziness

• Depression

• Fatigue

• Problems with memory These are not all the possible side effects of KLONOPIN. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.

Dosage Information

Klonopin tablets are available as scored tablets with a K-shaped perforation – 0.5 mg, orange (NDC 0004-0068-01); and unscored tablets with a K-shaped perforation – 1 mg, blue (NDC 0004-0058-01); 2 mg, white (NDC 0004-0098-01) – bottles of 100.

Imprint on tablets:

0.5 mg – 1/2 KLONOPIN (front) ROCHE (scored side)

1 mg – 1 KLONOPIN (front) ROCHE (reverse side)

2 mg – 2 KLONOPIN (front) ROCHE (reverse side)

INDICATIONS AND USAGE- view online

Seizure Disorders: Klonopin is useful alone or as an adjunct in the treatment of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (petit mal variant), akinetic, and myoclonic seizures. Klonopin may help patients with absence seizures (petit mal) who have failed to respond to succinimides. Some studies show up to 30% of patients have shown a loss of anticonvulsant activity, often within three months of the administration. In some cases, dosage adjustment may reestablish efficacy.

Respiratory: Chest congestion, rhinorrhea, shortness of breath, hypersecretion in upper respiratory passages

Cardiovascular: Palpitations

Dermatologic: Hair loss, hirsutism, skin rash, ankle, and facial edema

Gastrointestinal: Anorexia, coated tongue, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, encopresis, gastritis, increased appetite, nausea, sore gums

Genitourinary: Dysuria, enuresis, nocturia, urinary retention

Musculoskeletal: Muscle weakness, pains

Miscellaneous: Dehydration, general deterioration, fever,

lymphadenopathy, weight loss or gain

Hematopoietic: Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia

Panic Disorder: Klonopin is indicated for treating panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, as defined in DSM-IV. Panic disorder is characterized by unexpected panic attacks and associated concern about having additional attacks, worry about the implications or consequences of the attacks, and a significant change in behavior related to the attacks. Klonopin’s efficacy was established in two 6- to 9-week trials in panic disorder patients whose diagnoses corresponded to the DSM-IIIR category of panic disorder.

Treatment-Emergent Depressive Symptoms:

In the pool of two short-term placebo-controlled trials, adverse events classified under the preferred term “depression” were reported in 7% of Klonopin-treated patients compared to 1% of placebo-treated patients, without any clear pattern of dose relatedness. In these same trials, adverse events classified under the preferred term “depression” were reported as leading to discontinuation in 4% of Klonopin-treated patients compared to 1% of placebo-treated patients. While these findings are noteworthy, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) data collected in these trials revealed a more considerable decline in HAM-D scores in the clonazepam group than the placebo group suggesting that clonazepam treated patients were not experiencing a worsening or emergence of clinical depression.

The effectiveness of Klonopin in long-term use, that is, for more than nine weeks, has not been systematically studied in controlled clinical trials. The physician who elects to use Klonopin for extended periods should periodically reevaluate the drug’s long-term usefulness for the individual patient.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

You should not use Klonopin if you have a history of sensitivity to benzodiazepines, nor in patients with clinical or biochemical evidence of significant liver disease. You can use with open-angle glaucoma who are receiving appropriate therapy but are contraindicated in acute narrow-angle glaucoma.

Information for Patients: Buy Klonopin online legally

Pharmacists must give a guide to the patient each time Klonopin is dispensed, as required by law. Patients should be instructed to take Klonopin only as prescribed. Physicians are advised to discuss the following issues with patients for whom they prescribe Klonopin.

Dose Changes: To assure the safe and effective use of benzodiazepines, patients should be informed that, since benzodiazepines may produce psychological and physical dependence, they should consult with their physician before increasing the dose or abruptly discontinuing this drug.

Interference With Cognitive and Motor Performance: Because benzodiazepines have the potential to impair judgment, thinking, or motor skills, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles, until they are reasonably sure that Klonopin therapy does not affect them adversely.

Suicidal Thinking and Behavior: Doctors should consult the families of patients that AEDs, including Klonopin, may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior and should be advised of the need to be alert for the emergence or worsening of symptoms of depression, any unusual changes in mood or behavior, or the emergence of suicidal thoughts, action, or thoughts about self-harm. It would help if you informed immediately to healthcare providers.

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OXYCODONE (oxycodone hydrochloride tablets USP) is an opioid analgesic.
Each tablet for oral administration contains 15 mg or 30 mg of oxycodone hydrochloride USP. Oxycodone hydrochloride is a white, odorless crystalline powder derived from the opium alkaloid, thebaine. The analgesic ingredient, oxycodone, is a semi-synthetic narcotic with multiple actions. It is qualitatively similar to those of morphine; the most prominent of these involve the central nervous system and organs composed of smooth muscle. Now it’s easy to buy Oxycodone 30mg online from the internet.

Oxycodone hydrochloride dissolves in water (1 g in 6 to 7 mL) and is considered slightly soluble in alcohol (octanol-water partition coefficient is 0.7). Chemically, oxycodone hydrochloride is 4, 5α-epoxy-14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17­ methyl morphinan-6-one hydrochloride.

Oxycodone, as the hydrochloride salt, is a pure agonist opioid whose principal therapeutic action is analgesia and has been in clinical use since 1917. Like all pure opioid agonists, there is no ceiling effect to analgesia’s, such as is seen with partial agonists or non-opioid analgesics. Based upon a single-dose, a relative-potency study conducted in humans with cancer pain. 10 to 15 mg of oxycodone given intramuscularly produced an analgesic effect similar to 10 mg of morphine given intramuscularly. Both drugs have a 3 to the 4-hour duration of action. Oxycodone retains approximately one half of its analgesic activity when administered orally.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE ( BUY OXYCODONE 30MG ONLINE )

Oxycodone tablets are an immediate-release oral formulation of oxycodone hydrochloride. It is indicated for the management of moderate to severe pain where the use of an opioid analgesic is appropriate. You should be aware about the dosage and precautions before you buy Oxycodone 30mg online.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

OXYCODONE is intended for the management of moderate to severe pain in patients who require treatment with an oral opioid analgesic. The dose should be individually adjusted according to the severity of pain, patient response, and patient size. If the pain increases in severity, if analgesia is not adequate, or if tolerance occurs, a gradual increase in dosage may be required.

For control of severe chronic pain, OXYCODONE should be administered on a regularly scheduled basis, every 4-6 hours, at the lowest dosage level that will achieve adequate analgesia.

Patients who have not been receiving opioid analgesics should be started on OXYCODONE in a dosing range of 5 to 15 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain. The dose should be titrated based upon the individual patient’s response to their initial dose of OXYCODONE. Patients with chronic pain should have their dosage given on an around-the-clock basis to prevent the reoccurrence of pain rather than treating the pain Page 14 of 17 after it has occurred. This dose can then be adjusted to an acceptable level of analgesia taking into account side effects experienced by the patient.

As with any potent opioid, it is critical to adjust the dosing regimen for each patient individually, taking into account the patient’s prior analgesic treatment experience. Although it is not possible to list every condition that is important to the selection of the initial dose of OXYCODONE, attention should be given to

1) the daily dose, potency, and characteristics of a pure agonist or mixed agonist/antagonist the patient has been taking previously

2) the reliability of the relative potency estimate to calculate the dose of oxycodone needed,

3) the degree of opioid tolerance,

4) the general condition and medical status of the patient, and

5) the balance between pain control and adverse experiences.

 

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Drug Interactions:

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Oxycodone, as well as other opioid analgesics, may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and produce an increased degree of respiratory depression. Oxycodone is metabolized in part to oxymorphone via the cytochrome p450 isoenzyme CYP2D6. While this pathway may be blocked by a variety of drugs (e.g., certain cardiovascular drugs and antidepressants), such blockade has not yet been shown to be of clinical significance with this agent. However, clinicians should be aware of this possible interaction.

CNS Depressants: Patients receiving narcotic analgesics, general anesthetics, phenothiazines, other tranquilizers, sedative-hypnotics, or other CNS depressants (including alcohol) concomitantly with OXYCODONE may exhibit an additive CNS depression. Interactive effects resulting in respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, or coma may result if these drugs are taken in combination with the usual dosage of OXYCODONE. When such combined therapy is contemplated, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced.

OVERDOSAGE

Signs and Symptoms:
Acute overdose with OXYCODONE can be manifested by respiratory depression, somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, constricted pupils, bradycardia, hypotension, and death. Treatment: To treat OXYCODONE overdose, primary attention should be given to the reestablishment of a patent airway and institution of assisted or controlled ventilation. Supportive measures (including oxygen and vasopressors) should be employed in the management of circulatory shock and pulmonary edema accompanying overdose as indicated. Cardiac arrest or arrhythmias may require cardiac massage or defibrillation.

The narcotic antagonists, naloxone or nalmefene, are specific antidotes for opioid overdose. Opioid antagonists should not be administered in the absence of clinically significant respiratory or circulatory depression secondary to OXYCODONE overdose. If needed the appropriate dose of naloxone hydrochloride or nalmefene should be administered simultaneously with efforts at respiratory resuscitation (see package insert for each drug for the details). Since the duration of action of oxycodone may exceed that of the antagonist, the patient should be kept under continued surveillance and repeated doses of the antagonist should be administered as needed to maintain adequate respiration. Gastric emptying may be useful in removing unabsorbed drug.

DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

Controlled Substance Roxicodone contains oxycodone, a mu-agonist opioid of the morphine type and is a Schedule II controlled substance. Oxycodone, like other opioids used in analgesia, can be abused and is subject to criminal diversion. Abuse Drug addiction is characterized by compulsive use, use for non-medical purposes, and continued use despite harm or risk of harm. Drug addiction is a treatable disease, utilizing a multi-disciplinary approach, but relapse is common.If your doctor consult you to consume Oxycodone then only you should buy Oxycodone 30mg online.

“Drug-seeking” behavior is very common in addicts and drug abusers. Drug-seeking tactics include emergency calls or visits near the end of office hours, refusal to undergo appropriate examination, testing or referral, repeated “loss” of prescriptions, tampering with prescriptions, and reluctance to provide prior medical records or contact information for other treating physician(s). “Doctor shopping” to obtain additional prescriptions is common among drug abusers and people suffering from untreated addiction.

Abuse and addiction are separate and distinct from physical dependence and tolerance. Physicians should be aware that addiction may not be accompanied by concurrent tolerance and symptoms of physical dependence. In addition, abuse of opioids can occur in the absence of true addiction and is characterized by misuse for nonmedical purposes, often in combination with other psychoactive substances. Careful record-keeping of prescribing information, including quantity, frequency, and renewal requests is strongly advised.

 

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Dependence

Tolerance is the need for increasing doses of opioids to maintain a defined effect such as analgesia (in the absence of disease progression or other external factors). Physical dependence is manifested by withdrawal symptoms after abrupt discontinuation of a drug or upon administration of an antagonist. Physical dependence and tolerance are not unusual during chronic opioid therapy.

The opioid abstinence or withdrawal syndrome is characterized by some or all of the following: restlessness, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, perspiration, chills, myalgia, and mydriasis. Other symptoms also may develop, including irritability, anxiety, backache, joint pain, weakness, abdominal cramps, insomnia, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, or increased blood pressure, respiratory rate, or heart rate. In general, opioids should not be abruptly discontinued.

Treatment:

To treat OXYCODONE® overdose, primary attention should be given to the reestablishment of a patent airway and institution of assisted or controlled ventilation. Supportive measures (including oxygen and vasopressors) should be employed in the management of circulatory shock and pulmonary edema accompanying overdose as indicated. Cardiac arrest or arrhythmias may require cardiac massage or defibrillation. If you want quick relief from all these problems then buy Oxycodone 30mg online now.

The narcotic antagonists, naloxone or nalmefene, are specific antidotes for opioid overdose. Opioid antagonists should not be administered in the absence of clinically significant respiratory or circulatory depression secondary to ROXICODONE® overdose. If needed the appropriate dose of naloxone hydrochloride or nalmefene should be administered simultaneously with efforts at respiratory resuscitation (see package insert for each drug for the details). Since the duration of action of oxycodone  may exceed that of the antagonist, the patient should be kept under continued surveillance and repeated doses of the antagonist should be administered as needed to maintain adequate respiration. Gastric emptying may be useful in removing unabsorbed drug.

ADVERSE REACTIONS ( BUY OXYCODONE 30MG ONLINE)

Oxycodone tablets have been evaluated in open-label clinical trials in patients with cancer and nonmalignant pain. OXYCODONE tablets are associated with adverse experiences similar to those seen with other opioids. Serious adverse reactions that may be associated with ROXICODONE® therapy in clinical use are those observed with other opioid analgesics and include: respiratory depression, respiratory arrest, circulatory depression, cardiac arrest, hypotension, and/or shock.

The following adverse experiences occurred in less than 3% of patients involved in clinical trials with oxycodone:
Body as a Whole: abdominal pain, accidental injury, allergic reaction, back pain, chills and fever, fever, flu syndrome, infection, neck pain, pain, photosensitivity reaction, and sepsis.

Cardiovascular: deep thrombophlebitis, heart failure, hemorrhage, hypotension, migraine, palpitation, and tachycardia.
Digestive: anorexia, diarrhea, dyspepsia, dysphagia, gingivitis, glossitis, and nausea and vomiting. Hemic and Lymphatic: anemia and leukopenia.
Metabolic and Nutritional: edema, gout, hyperglycemia, iron deficiency anemia, and peripheral edema.

Musculoskeletal: arthralgia, arthritis, bone pain, myalgia, and pathological fracture.
Nervous: agitation, anxiety, confusion, dry mouth, hypertonia, hypesthesia, nervousness, neuralgia, personality disorder, tremor, and vasodilation.

Respiratory: bronchitis, cough increased, dyspnea, epistaxis, laryngismus, lung disorder, pharyngitis, rhinitis, and sinusitis.

Skin and Appendages: herpes simplex, rash, sweating, and urticaria.
Special Senses: amblyopia. Urogenital: urinary tract infection

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by Steve Draky

Is it possible to buy valium online without prescription?

 VALIUM is a prescription medicine used to treat anxiety disorders for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety to relieve the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. It also include agitation, shakiness (tremor), sudden and severe mental or nervous system changes (delirium tremens), and seeing or hearing things that others do not see or hear (hallucinations) along with other medicines for the relief of muscle spasms along with other drugs to treat seizure disorders. You can buy valium online without prescription. First, you should consult your doctor about the dosage then you can easily order valium online.

 VALIUM is a federally controlled substance (C-IV) because it can be abused or lead to dependence. Keep VALIUM in a safe place to prevent misuse and abuse. Selling or giving away VALIUM may harm others, and is against the law.

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use VALIUM for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give VALIUM to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about VALIUM that is written for health professionals then buy valium online without prescription.

Tell your healthcare provider if you have abused or been dependent on alcohol, prescription medicines, or street drugs.

  •  It is not known if VALIUM is safe and effective in children under six months of age.
  • It is not known if VALIUM is safe and effective for use longer than four months.

Information for Patients

To assure the safe and effective use of benzodiazepines, patients should be informed that, since benzodiazepines may produce psychological and physical dependence, they should consult with their physician before either increasing the dose or abruptly discontinuing this drug. The risk of addiction increases with the duration of treatment; it is also greater in patients with a history of alcohol or drug abuse. Patients should be advised against the simultaneous ingestion of alcohol and other CNS-depressant drugs during Valium therapy. As is true of most acting drugs, patients receiving Valium should be cautioned against engaging in hazardous occupations requiring complete mental alertness, such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle.

What is the most important information I should know about VALIUM?

  • VALIUM is a benzodiazepine medicine. Taking benzodiazepines with opioid medications, alcohol, or other central nervous system depressants (including street drugs) can cause severe drowsiness, breathing problems (respiratory depression), coma, and death.
  • VALIUM can make you sleepy or dizzy and can slow your thinking and motor skills.
  1. Do not drive, operate heavy machinery, or do other dangerous activities until you know how VALIUM affects you.
  2. Do not drink alcohol or take other drugs that may make you sleepy or dizzy while taking VALIUM without first talking to your healthcare provider.

When taken with alcohol or drugs that cause sleepiness or dizziness, VALIUM may make your drowsiness or dizziness much worse.

  • Do not take more VALIUM than prescribed.

Before you take VALIUM, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:

  • have or have had depression, mood problems, or suicidal thoughts or behaviour
  • have lung disease or breathing problems
  • have liver or kidney problems
  • are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. VALIUM may harm your unborn baby.

You and your healthcare provider should decide if you should take VALIUM while you are pregnant are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed.

VALIUM passes into your breast milk and may harm your baby. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby if you take VALIUM.

Do not breastfeed while taking VALIUM. Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Taking VALIUM with certain other medicines can cause side effects or affect how okay VALIUM or the other drugs work. Do not start or stop other medicines without talking to your healthcare provider. Before you buy valium online without prescription, you should be aware of its side effects properly.

How should I take VALIUM?

  • Take VALIUM precisely as your healthcare provider tells you to take it. Your healthcare provider will tell you how much VALIUM to take and when to take it.
  • Talk to your healthcare provider about slowly stopping VALIUM from avoiding withdrawal symptoms.
  • If you take too much VALIUM, call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away.

What should I avoid while taking VALIUM?

  • VALIUM can cause you to be drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate heavy machinery until you know how VALIUM affects you.
  • It would help if you did not drink alcohol while taking VALIUM. Drinking alcohol can increase your chances of having severe side effects.

If you want to buy valium online without prescription, then you have to keep all these points in mind before consuming it.

What are the possible side effects of VALIUM?

VALIUM may cause serious side effects, including:

  • See “What is the most important information I should know about VALIUM?”
  • Seizures. Taking VALIUM with other medicines used to treat epilepsy can cause an increase in the number or severity of grand mal seizures.
  • Withdrawal symptoms. You may have withdrawal symptoms if you stop taking VALIUM suddenly. Withdrawal symptoms can be severe and include seizures. Mild withdrawal symptoms include a depressed mood and trouble sleeping.

Talk to your healthcare provider about slowly stopping VALIUM from avoiding withdrawal symptoms.

  • Like other antiepileptic drugs, VALIUM may cause suicidal thoughts or actions in a minimal number of people, about 1 in 500.

 Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of these symptoms, especially if they are new, worse, or worry you: 

  •  thoughts about suicide or dying
  •  new or worse anxiety
  • trouble sleeping (insomnia)
  • acting on dangerous impulses
  • attempts to commit suicide
  • feeling agitated or restless
  • new or worse irritability
  • an extreme increase in activity and talking (mania)
  • new or worse depression
  • panic attacks
  • acting aggressive, being angry, or violent
  • Other unusual changes in behaviour or mood.

How can I watch for early symptoms of suicidal thoughts and actions?

  • Pay attention to any changes, especially sudden changes, in mood, behaviours, thoughts, or feelings. Keep all follow-up visits with your healthcare provider as scheduled.

Call your healthcare provider between visits as needed, especially if you are worried about symptoms. Suicidal thoughts or actions can be caused by things other than medicines. If you have suicidal thoughts or actions, your healthcare provider may check for other causes. 

  • Abuse and dependence. Taking VALIUM can cause physical and psychological support. Physical and psychological dependence is not the same as drug addiction. Your healthcare provider can tell you more about the differences between physical and mental dependence and drug addiction.

The most common side effects of VALIUM include:

  • drowsiness
  • muscle weakness
  • fatigue
  • loss of control of body movements (ataxia) These are not all the possible side effects of VALIUM.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

Basic Description- buy valium online without prescription

Valium (diazepam) is a benzodiazepine derivative. The chemical name of diazepam is 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin2-one. It is a colorless to light yellow crystalline compound, insoluble in water. The empirical formula is C16H13ClN2O, and the molecular weight is 284.75. 

The structural formula is as follows:

 Valium is available for oral administration as tablets containing 2 mg, 5 mg, or 10 mg diazepam. In addition to the active ingredient diazepam, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: anhydrous lactose, corn starch, pregelatinized starch, and calcium stearate with the following dyes: 5-mg tablets have FD&C Yellow No. 6 and D&C Yellow No. 10; 10-mg tablets contain FD&C Blue No. 1. Valium 2-mg tablets contain no pigment.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Valium is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to diazepam and, because of lack of sufficient clinical experience, in pediatric patients under six months of age. It is also contraindicated with myasthenia gravis, severe respiratory insufficiency, severe hepatic insufficiency, and sleep apnea syndrome. It may be used with open-angle glaucoma who are receiving appropriate therapy but are contraindicated in acute narrow-angle glaucoma.

OVERDOSAGE

Overdose of benzodiazepines is usually manifested by central nervous system depression ranging from drowsiness to coma. In mild cases, symptoms include drowsiness, confusion, and lethargy. In more severe cases, symptoms may include ataxia, diminished reflexes, hypotonia, hypotension, respiratory depression, coma (rarely), and death (very rarely). Overdose of benzodiazepines in combination with other CNS depressants (including alcohol) may be fatal and should be closely monitored.

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PRECAUTIONS

General Precaution about Valium- Buy Valium Online without prescription

 Suppose Valium is to be combined with other psychotropic agents or anticonvulsant drugs. In that case, careful consideration should be given to the pharmacology of the agents to be employed – particularly with known compounds that may potentiate the action of diazepams, such as phenothiazines, narcotics, barbiturates, MAO inhibitors, and other antidepressants. The usual precautions are indicated for severely depressed patients or those in whom there is any evidence of latent depression or anxiety associated with depression, particularly the recognition that suicidal tendencies may be present and protective measures may be necessary. 

Psychiatric and paradoxical reactions are known to occur when using benzodiazepines. Should this occur, the use of the drug should be discontinued. These reactions are more likely to occur in children and the elderly. A lower dose is recommended for patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency due to the risk of respiratory depression. 

Benzodiazepines should be used with extreme caution in patients with a history of alcohol or drug abuse. In debilitated patients, it is recommended that the dosage be limited to the smallest sufficient amount to preclude the development of ataxia or oversedation (2 mg to 2.5 mg once or twice daily, initially, to be increased gradually as needed and tolerated). Some loss of response to the effects of benzodiazepines may develop after repeated use of Valium for a prolonged time.

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Tramadol: Buy Tramadol online without prescription.

So, if you have reached this article you surely be curious about- Why is Tramadol prescribed?, What are the Side effects of Tramadol? , What Precautions should be taken while taking Tramadol? Buy tramadol online without prescription etc. There are times when we all have pain in our body, maybe due to injuries like- fracture, accident, and any kind of trauma or due to any other etiology which is unbearable for us and our physician prescribes Tramadol.

Let me tell you, that your search ends here, this article will give all the complete information about the widely used analgesic/painkiller- Tramadol in a very precise way under the following headings

Table of Contents

  • Why is Tramadol prescribed?-Tramadol Uses:
  • Other uses for Tramadol:
  • How Tramadol Works? -Mechanism of action:
  • What is the Safe Dose for Tramadol?-Dosage:
  • Mode of administration:
  • Direction of Usage:
  • What are the Side effects of Tramadol?
  • Common side-effects:
  • Rare side effects:
  • When one should not take Tramadol?- Contraindications?
  • What should be avoided while taking Tramadol?
  • What are the Drug interactions related to Tramadol?
  • What Precautions should be taken while taking tramadol?
  • What to do In case of Tramadol emergency/overdose?
  • What is Available brands/Alternatives of Tramadol?

 

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FOR TRAMADOL.

Why is Tramadol prescribed?-Tramadol Uses:

It is one of the most widely used painkillers. Precisely, it is a centrally acting opioid analgesic that helps in relieving mild to moderate pain.

It is commonly prescribed to those patients who had gone some surgery, any medical procedure, or due to any injury, trauma, or due to pain in the body that the patient can not bear easily.

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Other uses for Tramadol:

part from using as an analgesic Tramadol is also used in

  • Continuous Backache
  • Patients with Slip disc problems
  • Treatment of Painful Sensory Neuropathies(i.e. Diabetic Neuropathy)
  • Chronic pain(including cancer pain)
  • NOTE: Tramadol is not effective in severe pain

How Tramadol Works? -Mechanism of action:

In simple words, Tramadol works by hindering/blocking the transmission of pain sensation to our brain, thus decreasing the perception of pain.

Let’s have a pharmacological aspect:

Active Ingredients in Tramadol–

Is Synthetic codeine(a natural alkaloid obtained from morphine).

Tramadol relieves pain by two mechanisms:

1. Opioid mechanism:

Tramadol(codeine) shows actions by interacting with opioid receptors present in our body. There are 3 types of opioid receptors namely -µ(mu), k(kappa), δ(delta), which are located at spinal, supraspinal, peripheral nerves, and stimulation/suppression of these receptors produces action like- Analgesia(due to which pain is relieved), respiratory depression, sedation, dependence, euphoria, decrease gastric motility, etc.

The main advantage of using Tramadol is- Its affinity for µ opioid receptor is low, while that fork(kappa) and δ(delta) are very low, which makes it suitable for relieving mild to moderate pain and less prone to other unwanted actions of codeine like- severe respiratory depression, sedation, etc.

2. Additional mechanism:

Unlike other opioids, it inhibits the reuptake of NA and 5-HT, increases the 5-HT release, and thus activates monoaminergic(i.e. involving monoamine neurotransmitters) spinal inhibition of pain.

Reversal of its action: Its analgesic action is only partially reversed by the opioid antagonist naloxone.

What is the Safe Dose for Tramadol? -Dosage:

It should be taken as directed by your physician.

Generally, for mild to moderate pain, it is prescribed as follows to children above the age of 12years and adults: 50- 100 mg: Twice daily(morning or evening) and if the pain still does not subsides your doctor may increase the dose up to 150 to 200 mg twice daily.

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(NOTE: Maximum dosage should not increase 300 mg per day)

What can be the Mode of administration?

Tramadol can be taken in various forms:

Orally

Tablet, coated-Available as 50 mg

Tablet, film-coated

available as 50 mg

Tablet, extended-release- Available as 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg

Extended-release capsule- Available as 50 mg

Parenterally(Intravenous or Intramuscular injection)

For instant action I.V. /I.M. Tramadol can be given.

Generally, slow intravenous injection or diluted in solution Inj. is used.

100mg of I.V. tramadol is equianalgesic to 10 mg of morphine.

Available as ampoule-contains 100mg Tramadol hydrochloride in 2ml solution (50mg/ml)

What is the Direction of Usage?

Oral- Tablet/capsules should be administered as a whole, it should not be crushed/split/dissolved/chewed/snorted.

Parenteral– the infusion should be freshly prepared and used immediately or within 24 hrs. only if stored at 2 to 8°C refrigeration. Ampule should be used within sterile conditions.

What are the Side effects of Tramadol?

Generally, Tramadol is well tolerated in most of the patients, with mild side effects.

Common side-effects:

  • Dizziness
  • Constipation
  • Headache
  • Vertigo
  • Dry mouth
  • Changes in mood
  • Heartburn or indigestion

NOTE: Every medicine have some or the other side effects due to its action on the body but this does not mean it will harm you or be fatal to your body, keep in mind that your doctor knows that its benefits are much more than its the risk of its side effects. Remember these are mild side effect which goes easily as soon as the medication course completes.

Rare side effects:

NOTE: Depending upon your body there if you show some side effects given below you should IMMEDIATELY consult your doctor or buy tramadol online without prescription.

  • Fainting/Loss of consciousness
  • Fast/irregular heartbeat,
  • severe dizziness,
  • Seizure
  • Hives
  • Rash
  • Blisters
  • Difficulty swallowing or breathing
  • swelling of the face, or any body part.

When one should not take Tramadol?- Contraindications:

It is strictly advised that Tramadol should not be taken in following conditions:

  • Head Injuries
  • Allergies
  • Epilepsy
  • Breathing disorders
  • Kidney diseases
  • Liver diseases
  • Mood disorders
  • Substance used disorders
  • Difficulty in urinating
  • Intestinal problems(paralytic ileus)
  • Breastfeeding
  • Pregnant women

You should be very careful before you consume it,but there is no risk you can buy tramadol online without prescription.

What should be avoided while taking Tramadol?

Activities involving high attention/alertness like Driving, operating heavy machinery, etc. should be avoided because tramadol can cause sleepiness and tiredness which may increase the chances of casualties.

Avoid drinking alcohol- as it causes further suppression of brain activity thus showing severe harmful effects like increased sleepiness, aggravate dependence, loss of consciousness, etc.

What are the Drug interactions of Tramadol?

Tramadol shows various drug interactions amongst which most of them lead to severe adverse effects, so it becomes very important to inform your physician about other medications that you are taking.

Some of the drug interactions are given below:

Tramadol Interactions with Anti-depressants[UNSAFE]: Taking tramadol with drugs having the same actions for instance drugs like –other opioid painkiller or cough suppressants like– codeine, hydrocodone, etc. can increase severe side effects – depressed breathing, loss of consciousness, severe drowsiness.

Serotonin syndrome: Tramadol being a serotonergic drug(that increases serotonin) should not be given to the patients which are on SSRI therapy as it may cause “Serotonin syndrome/toxicity”– which can show serious adverse effects like-agitation, restlessness, rigidity, hyperthermia, delirium, sweating, twitchings followed by convulsions.

Avoid taking with MAO inhibitors: this shows severe ill effects. (some examples- isocarboxazid, linezolid, moclobemide, phenelzine, procarbazine, rasagiline, etc.)

Taking tramadol with drugs having the same actions for instance drugs like –other opioid painkillers or cough suppressants like– codeine, hydrocodone, etc. can increase severe side effects – depressed breathing, loss of consciousness, severe drowsiness.

Tramadol Interactions with Food[SAFE]: Tramadol can be taken with food, food does not have a significant effect on tramadol pharmacotherapy.

Tramadol Interactions with Alcohol[UNSAFE]: Avoid drinking alcohol- as it causes further suppression of brain activity thus showing severe harmful effects- like increased sleepiness, aggravate dependence, loss of consciousness, etc.

What Precautions should be taken while Taking?

We all know that precaution is better than cure so following precautions should be kept in mind while taking Tramadol before you buy tramadol online without prescription.

Previous Drug history: Always inform the physician about the complete history of medications that you are taking, so you can avoid any unwanted effects from drug interaction.

In Younger Population– Utmost precaution should be taken for children less than the age of 12 years should not take this as it may cause psycho-physiologic effect, seizures, dependency syndrome, etc.

In Older Adults Population- with various other comorbid conditions like-kidney, liver, breathing problems) is more prone to its side effects- like severe Drowsiness, shallow breathing, confusion, etc.

In Pregnant women– One should avoid taking tramadol during pregnancy, without Risk/Benefit assessment by a doctor, as it can cause harmful effects on the unborn.

Breastfeeding mother– Should avoid taking it because the drug may reach the newborn through the milk and can cause serious side effects like- neonatal withdrawal syndrome, decreased breathing, drowsiness, etc. which will affect the normal development of the infant.

In Alcohol addicts: Drinking alcohol with ongoing tramadol medication will lead to serious other complications as alcohol and tramadol both are CNS depressants which will further decrease the brain activity to such an extent that may result in dangerous health problems like- respiratory failure, alteration in heart rate, seizures, coma, death.

A combination of alcohol and tramadol causes elevated euphoric effects but this combination is strictly contradicted because it causes serious liver damage.

What to do In case of Tramadol emergency/overdose?

Normal maximum dosage:

Maximum dose in a day should not exceed 300mg.

Symptoms of an overdose of Tramadol:

Beyond the maximum dose Tramadol can cause serious health issues like- Seizures, Sedation, Respiratory depression, Urinary retention, Unconsciousness, etc.

What to do if you overdose on Tramadol?

Immediately seek medical help if the patient have-difficulty in breathing, loss of, seizures, Fainting, Loss of consciousness, Fast/irregular heartbeat, severe dizziness, Seizure, Hives, Rash, Blisters, etc.

It is advised while taking tramadol you should always keep a dose of Naloxone- an opioid antagonist with you which can reverse the effect of Tramadol. It works by blocking the effect of tramadol on the body which will prevent further increase in the opiate level in the blood.

Along with it, you should also inform your family members, or the persons who are frequently around(caregivers), that if they observe any unusual symptoms of overdose they can follow the emergency protocols, call for medical help, and until the help arrives give you at least a dose Naloxone so as it can save you from serious health problems.

What is Available brands/Alternatives of Tramadol?

TRAMADOL Brand Names:

  • Tramazac Zydus Cadila
  • Contramal Abbott
  • Trd Modi Mundi Pharma Pvt Ltd.
  • Domadol Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd
  • Tramasure Mankind Pharma Ltd
  • Tramadin Mankind Pharma Ltd
  • Tramot Bennet Pharmaceuticals Limited
  • Supridol Neon Laboratories Ltd
  • Tramazac HP Zydus Cadila
  • Other brands names:
  • Conzip
  • Rybix ODT
  • Ryzolt
  • Ultram
  • Ultram ER

Brands With combination:

Ultracet® (containing Acetaminophen, Tramadol)

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FOR TRAMADOL:

Do I require a prescription for taking Tramadol?

Yes, you require a prescription from an RMP for taking Opioid analgesics.

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What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There as such no special dietary instructions for taking tramadol, you can take it with your normal diet. Some say you can it any time irrespective of the food, but it is advisable to take it with food, eat dietary fibers, drink enough water so it does not upset your stomach, and may lead to constipation, acid reflux, other gastric problems.

You should keep these point before you buy tramadol online without prescription.

Is tramadol addictive?

Intake of tramadol for a short duration of time will not cause any significant dependence on the drug, it should not be used more than 5 days.

What will happen after the Prolonged use of tramadol?

Risks of long-term opioid use include hypersensitivity to pain, hypogonadism, and dependency. and fecal impaction is other risks due to CNS depression.

Is it safe to drive vehicles after taking Tramadol?

No, one should avoid driving vehicles and other heavy machinery, because it can increase the chances of falls, fractures, driving accidents, etc.

Is tramadol safe for diabetic patients?

In the latest researches* it had been found that tramadol can cause hypoglycemia(low blood sugar level) so patients on diabetes medications or any persons with low blood sugar should discuss this with his physician.

*“Physicians need to be aware that the use of tramadol may be associated with an increased risk of severe hypoglycemia,” said co-author Laurent Azoulay, an assistant professor in the department of oncology at McGill University in Montreal.”

Is tramadol safe for Blood pressure patients?

Generally when taken in the prescribed dose as it does not cause any significant change in the BP. But when taken in Overdose being a CNS depression it alters the heart rate so one with low blood pressure should be cautious with its use. So, always inform your physician about any heart problems or if you are on any Anti-hypertensive drug so as he can regulate the dose.

Is it prescribed to patients above 60 years of age?

If you have been prescribed Tramadol and you are an elderly patient you should take it under proper monitoring and management with utmost precaution. You can buy tramadol online without prescription but before that you should know your proper dosage.

The following precautions should be kept in mind:

  • Start from low doses and do not abruptly stop the medicine.
  • Monitoring of Na(sodium) is important.
  • Respiratory Monitoring should be done, to keep a check on Respiratory depression.
  • Avoid Extended-release formulations as it causes prolonged effects. and can cause urinary retention.
  • Psychic symptoms should also be monitored as it can cause severely confused states, falls, decreased alertness, etc.

What should I do if I missed a dose?

If you missed the dose as scheduled by your physician, you can take the when you remember but do not take 2 doses at the same time, there should be at least 4-6 hrs. the gap between two doses, otherwise skip the missed dose and continue the next dose.

What to do if I consumed Expired Medication?

Consuming a single dose of tramadol will not affect an individual that much, but if you develop some hypersensitivity reaction immediately contact your doctor.

Nowadays you can buy tramadol online without prescription and lots of scammers are present in the market who are providing fake or expired medication. So first check that the dealer is genuine

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What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

 Store in a cool and dry place away from moisture, do not refrigerate, keep out of reach of children.

 Expired and unused medications should be disposed of carefully so as it not consumed by pets or others accidentally.

 For proper disposal, you can also contact your nearby pharmacist or read about the disposal method given by U.S. F.D.A.

What are OTC pain-relieving medications that I can have?

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Naproxen

Ibuprofen(NSAID)-Motrin, Advil

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CategoriesAdults ADHD,  Children ADHD

Introduction to the Medications Used in the Treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder

by Steve Draky

There are plenty of therapies available to increase the warning signs of Attention Deficit. As there is no prescription drugs that could for Attention deficit, the various health-related interventions look to boost warning signs. One of the most common remedies are stimulating elements, for instance Ritalin, Dexedrine, Cylert, and ADDerall. Stimuli have been about for around fifty years. Over-all, they work perfectly. Ritalin and Dexedrine are moderately advantageous, or very beneficial, for approximately 70Percentage to 75Per cent of people who give them a go. Inciters do the job by escalating both equally circulation along with the stages of Dopamine within the neural, specially the front lobes the spot that the neural Account manager Performs occur. In addition they enhance the inhibitory programs of the mental faculties by maximizing Serotonin and Norepinepherine ranges. They do not work a toronto injury lawyer some mystical outcome on children.There is an unbelievable amount of exploration accomplished on youngsters and Ritalin, a smaller amount with Dexedrine, ADDerall, and Cylert. We have now noticed that Ritalin is one of generally examined medication given to youngsters on earth, and we would not question that claim. Apparently any doctorate customer crafting his dissertation for mindset does a thing with Ritalin. Stimuli, no matter if Ritalin or the amphetamines including Dexedrine or ADDerall, all have advantages for children and adults with Attention Deficit. Stimulant drugs will heighten the human brain chance to hinder alone. This will give mental performance to target what’s right with the best, and be less preoccupied, and less energetic. Motivators add to the to disturbance proportion from the brain. They’re going to as well as improving either uncouth continuous-duty motor company-ordination and good continuous-duty motor regulate. For many years the leaflet for Ritalin basically experienced photographs of children handwriting before Ritalin, and with 10 milligrams of Ritalin in their process. The changes ended up extraordinary, and health professionals published plenty of prescriptions for Ritalin. Ritalin may very well be in the us, may well be. But when it is by doctors this is due to it actually is effective! When it didn function, occasionally dramatically, it wouldn be Obviously, as with any prescription medicine, you’ll find prospective area-outcomes which can be really serious. So be sure to seek advice from your personal doctor and check the employment of these medications extremely meticulously. Are we good promoters for the use of catalyst medications? We view these medicinal drugs guide lots of our clients, and since we’ve got often requested the physicians that many of us have worked with being very conservative in recommending the drugs we view only a few problems within the last few twelve to fifteen years. Even so, even that being said, we may have a preference for that patients a minimum of test the dietary remedies like Attend and Extress, or EEG Psychophysiological feedback teaching primary. Having said that, you will find there’s a serious amounts of is the space the utilization of stimulant medicines. And we would love you to acquire exact info on them. You can get more information on the management of Attention Deficit Disorder, such as distinct medications, with the Attention deficit Details Collection.

5 Facts You Should Know About Zinc Supplements For ADHD

If your little one has Attention deficit and you been managing the most recent research studies, you probably discovered a work concluding that your zinc oxide product for Add and adhd are a good idea.

Nevertheless, there are numerous truth you must know about zinc supplementing plus in what conditions it really is helpful. Listed here are 5 of such information.

1. In 2004, research was over ending that youngsters taking zinc might be relieved with the signs of Attention deficit disorder. However, the children in this study were also taking Ritalin.

The zinc supplementation designed a factor in accordance with the analysis. The dietary supplements of zinc for Attention deficit disorder young children can be helpful but by itself it can’t consider just right or treatment.

2. According to the USDA, about 62 pct of babies usually are not finding sufficient zinc oxide in their weight loss plans in the states. No matter if you determine to grab the regular therapy route or perhaps an complementary healthcare option, you can assist your kids recover from Add and adhd but offering him a zinc oxide supplement for Attention deficit disorder.

You can do this giving him a multi-ply-vitamins, multi-ply-vitamin made up of 15mg of zinc oxide or you will can make sure that he will get sufficient from his foods. Zinc oxide-prosperous ingredients contain pecans, oysters, whole wheat bacteria, grain bran, shellfish, and machine abolish.

3. There are lots of other source of nourishment insufficiencies that can induce Add-like signs or symptoms in children so you must correct all of them for total wellbeing. Various other vitamins and minerals that are acknowledged to be bad in kids with Attention deficit disorder consist of magnesium, metal, efa’s, plus the N-complex vitamin products.

Instead of just zinc for Attention deficit disorder children, dad and mom also need to impart them with other vitamins and nutrients. The best way to make this happen is through being confident that your child weight loss program is optimum.

4. To guarantee that your baby is to get adequate zinc oxide, get him sip strained tap water or standard water together with giving him a zinc oxide health supplement for Attention deficit. Dress in offer him h2o that’s been filtered by using invert osmosis or distillation as it’s stripped of its all-natural minerals, which include zinc oxide.

5. Of the best ways to cure Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the kid is as simple as offering him sport nutrition of zinc for Add and adhd children and also a holistic treatment method. Homeopathic treatments are powered by the pleasures like process and comprise smaller dosages of natural ingredients that happen to be impressive to help the body treat its do-it-yourself.

Homeopathic remedies for Add aid harmony from the mental faculties and calm the nervous feelings. They relieve every one of the symptoms of Attention deficit disorder but don have any side effects. As opposed to presenting your little one Ritalin and a zinc oxide health supplement, why not swap the Ritalin by using a natural cure? They may be equally as helpful however do not found any risk of uncomfortable side effects.

That is it. A zinc nutritional supplement for Attention deficit disorder can be hugely useful relieving the warning signs of Add with your child. Having said that, you’ll be able to treat it just like it have been some sort of miracle remedy both.

For top level benefits, frequently give the child a homeopathic remedy, make sure he has a appropriate diet, provide him a zinc supplement, and enable him guide an engaged, balanced life style.

Should You Be Using a DMAE ADHD Treatments?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder is among the prevalent diseases impacting children these days. You cannot find any well-known cure for Add and adhd. Nonetheless, people who this ailment will often be recommended by doctors with various medicines to assist them to reduce the poor attention, adhd and improvisation that are popular the signs of ADHD. Dimethylaminoethanol, also referred to as DMAE, can be employed by folks as a dietary supplement or solution to some prescription medications. So for everybody who is presenting your child DMAE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder nutritional supplements?

DMEA is a ingredient that is definitely naturally made by as their pharmicudical counterpart which is obtained in striper like sardines.

We have witnessed no many studies done on DMAE for ADHD, nonetheless there was clearly two reports conducted throughout the 1970 that considered employing DMAE just as one way to Attention deficit.

A person 12-weeks time twice window blind examine concerning 50 little ones outdated 6-12 years gave 1 / 2 the group DMAE plus the other half a placebo. Afterwards of your 10 days the DMAE class viewed obvious developments on his or her examine scores.

The opposite twice shades study also protected 10-weeks, on this occasion regarding 74 little ones and in comparison the potency of DMAE to Ritalin along with a placebo. The DMAE and Ritalin party each exhibited upgrades on the placebo group.

Please read on to find out more about DMAE and to enroll in the totally free Add and adhd ezine under. Supplying much more ideas into discerning and getting rid of Attention deficit effortlessly.

It’s belief that DMAE treatments on Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder may have the next benefits:

1) Rise in concentration – A typical issue of people being affected by Add and adhd is a reduction in the cabability to target a task accessible. Most, the fact is, detest any function requiring further emotional exertions for extended periods of time. Therefore, youngsters being affected by Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder normally don’t like carrying out research.

2) Performance – different problems the result of ADHD is deficiencies in alertness. Folks who are afflicted by Add and adhd have trouble being focused on tasks at hand for the reason that are bored to death through the undertaking along with their intellects get started trying to find other pursuits. DMAE dietary supplements are said so as to maximize awareness extend to, relieving this sign of ADHD.

3) Memory space – As well as exercised and performance, DMAE dietary supplements may also be believed strengthen reminiscence. This is just about the main reasons why some organizations encourage diverse DMAE products as foodstuff By raising the ease of reminiscence, many people believe DMAE health supplements can in fact assist with Alzheimer or memories which might be deteriorating.

Not surprisingly, getting a DMAE health supplement for Attention deficit is not a formula You will still find some questions on the truth of DMAE treating Add and adhd, since have not been any many studies.

DMAE is likewise collective, which means you really should observe all recommendations provided around the presentation regarding doasage amounts thoroughly. However, not a deadly ingredient it can cause facets consequences such as complications, depression, insomnia, depressive disorder and uneasiness, which wouldn’t be best in somebody who has already been hyper.

In order to consider supplementing with DMAE Add and adhd treatment options also medical professional or skilled medical doctor 1st before starting your little one DMAE.

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CategoriesAdults ADHD,  Children ADHD

LEARN ALL ABOUT ADHD & FIND RELIABLE RITALIN PHARMACIES

by Steve Draky

Ritalin and Attention Deficit Disorder

With the incidents of attention deficit disorder increasing many people resort to various drugs the ADD treatment. The irony of the situation is that there is no fool-proof method of diagnosing ADD, and many a times there are normal children who have been diagnosed and stamped as ADD and being given child ADHD treatment while they may be normal children with maybe a slightly higher need for attention or slightly hyperactive.

With such children and those that genuinely suffer from an attention deficit disorder, most physicians use drugs like Ritalin and Prozac or Zoloft. These medicines only serve to reduce the symptoms of ADD for a certain period of time and have numerous side effects that are harmful in the short and the long term. The dangerous side effects of Ritalin that have been observed include possible seizures, suppression of growth, angina, blood pressure fluctuations, insomnia, loss of appetite, headaches and much more.

Studies have actually shown that ADD children whose treatment includes stimulant drugs like Ritalin are at a higher risk to get into vandalism, crime, alcoholism and abusive substances. To add to it, the fact that it does not seem to have been proved that drugs like Ritalin can actually cure ADD. Dr. Robert Mendelsohn once said one has ever been able to demonstrate that drugs such as Cylert and Ritalin improve the academic performance of the children who take them…. The pupil is drugged to make life easier for his teacher, not to make it better and more productive for the child. are many lawsuits that have been filed against various parties like the American Psychiatric Association, CHADD and Ciba/Novartis Pharmaceuticals. The Ritalin manufacturers are being charged with conspiring to promote the diagnosis of ADD to promote their drug. And since the diagnosis is not totally objective, the case has been a complicated one.

Parents come under the pressure of school psychologists, medical practitioners, teachers and social workers to use these drugs without any detailed understanding of the process of diagnosing the condition, effects of the drugs, alternate therapies possible and the role of nutrition and diet.

It may be a good time to mention that parents should take things in their own hands and try and obtain a greater understanding of the problem before blindly administering drugs to alleviate symptoms. An herbal remedy for ADD, homeopathic treatment, diet control and nutrition, supplements are among the various options that you can consider and evaluate.

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CategoriesAdults ADHD,  Children ADHD

ADHD Strategies For Parents

by Steve Draky

Strategies For Parents

Ask for an evaluation by a physician or psychologist if you are seeing (or hearing) that your child (4+) has problems paying attention, completing school work, controlling their actions or their mood and don’t seem to improve (over six months) despite your best effort.

Realize that a child can have difficulties paying attention for a variety of medical reasons, other than ADHD including: anemia, hypoglycemia, diabetes, thyroid disorders, sleep disorders, allergies, dietary insufficiencies of zinc and magnesium, visual problems (acuity, tracking, & convergence) and hearing problems. Make sure that your child is evaluated thoroughly by a physician before concluding a diagnosis of ADHD.

If your child is diagnosed with one of these other conditions, treat that medical problem first. If “ADHD” symptoms persist, then pursue medical treatment for ADHD. Inform the CSE Chairperson in your school district that your child has been diagnosed with ADHD and request an evaluation in order to determine the need for an Individual Education Plan (I.E.P.) or 504 Accommodation Plan. Part of most plans will include at least weekly communication between teacher and parents regarding the child’s progress.

Initiate and maintain a relationship with a health care provider who commonly treats (and has been successful) in treating patients with ADHD. Parent counseling, social-skills training, EEG biofeedback, and school interventions have all been useful in promoting the success of patients with ADHD. Individual psychotherapy, “cognitive-behavioral” therapy, and traditional group therapies have not been demonstrated to be helpful.

Tips for Parenting your “ADHD Child”

(Source: V.J. Monastra.(2004). Parenting Children with ADHD: 10 Lessons That Medicines Can’t Teach. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association’s Magination Press.

At home, establish a weekly “planning time” to decide what skills you’d like your child to “work on”. Select about six.

Divide your child’s day into four parts (before school; at school; before dinner; and after dinner). Establish what tasks your child needs to accomplish during each period (e.g. get washed, dressed, eat breakfast before school; cooperate with the teacher and complete school work; complete an afternoon chore and part of homework before dinner; finish homework, get ready for bed and go to bed without a major battle).

Reward and punishment typically backfire with kids that have ADHD. I’ve often observed that there seems to be no reward too big or punish- punishment too great to consistently work with these children. Here are the basics of the motivational strategies taught at our clinic.

    • In life, your child will need to work for what he or she wants. There should be very few “freebies” at home. Your child needs to earn t.v., computer, video, phone, organized sports, and other privileges by obeying parental rules and taking care of their responsibilities without whining, griping, avoiding, yelling, etc. Until they complete their morning, school(etc) responsibilities, their life is “on hold”. The child needs to complete their tasks (as well as “make up” for excessive whining, yelling, screaming, throwing, etc) before play. As important, you need to realize that by giving away “freebies” you are pretty much eliminating the kinds of motivators that you will need to teach your child life-skills.

 

    • In life, if you make someone’s life more difficult, then you need to make it easier in some way. Translation, if your child yells and gripes for 40 minutes over doing their homework, then finally “gives in” and completes it, before they proceed to have some fun, they need to apologize and do something to make your life a bit easier.

 

    • In life, if you “mess up” you need to “make up”. We all can lose our cool and get angry, sarcastic, or mean. If your child does this, then they need to apologize and “make up”.

 

    • Yelling does not accomplish anything. Children need to be taught how to solve problems with you and their peers. This is a primary focus of parenting classes and social skills programs.

 

  • Nutrition Does Matter. Protein is the foundation of attention and concentration. Children who eat the USDA recommended amounts of protein at breakfast and lunch are in a much better position to do their school work than kids who don’t. For little kids (under 7) 10-15 grams at each meal would be great. For older children, try to encourage them to eat about 15-20. Teenagers would do well to consume between 20 to 30 grams at breakfast and at lunch. A simple guide follows:

    Your child will get about 7 grams of protein from each of the following foods:

    1 egg (just the white… in case your child doesn’t like the yolk)
    1 ounce of beef, chicken, pork, poultry, or fish (you’d be surprised how many kids like chicken nuggets or tuna for breakfast)
    1 glass of milk (8 ounces)
    1 ounce of cheese (typically 1 slice)
    2 tablespoons of peanut butter.

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CategoriesAdults ADHD,  Children ADHD

Strategies For Teachers

by Steve Draky

Prior to Diagnosis:

You are probably in the best position to determine whether a child’s attention, concentration, effort on school tasks, and classroom behavior are unusual for your grade. If you are observing an unusually high frequency of inattentive, impulsive or hyperactive behaviors that continue for six months despite class-wide interventions (use of agenda; Color Chart with mild reinforcers), prompts and reminders by you (and class aides), placement of the child near you, and notes to parents, my recommendation is that you meet with the parents, share your observations, and suggest that they review this information with their child’s physician.

THIS IS NOT THE SAME AS SAYING YOU SUSPECT THAT THE CHILD HAS ADHD.

However, you are in a unique position to share with parents what happens when their child is asked to attend to instruction, and concentrate and complete tasks that require sustained mental effort. You can also share that there are a number of medical conditions that can contribute to problems attending (e.g. visual problems, hearing problems, anemia, hypoglycemia, ADHD, etc.) and that the best person to evaluate the situation is the child’s physician.

After Diagnosis:

Once a child has been determined to have ADHD, the CSE needs to conduct both an evaluation for learning disabilities and a functional assessment. The LD evaluation is needed because learning disabilities occur in approximately 50% of children diagnosed with ADHD. The functional assessment (i.e. evaluation of the ways that ADHD is adversely affecting educational performance) is needed because ADHD is known to limit alertness and adversely affect educational performance.

Both state and federal educational laws are clear in asserting that patients with ADHD qualify for assistance because of impairment in educational performance. This impairment is due to difficulty in sustaining alertness throughout the day. The presence of a specific learning disability is not required in order for children to receive assistance.

Common Interventions:

Primary/Intermediate:

    • Monitoring of the student’s “homework” book or agenda

 

    • Monitoring of the student’s “packing” their book bag at the end of the day

 

    • Reduction in the number of “repetitive” writing assignments (e.g. copying spelling words; writing multiple sentences for each spelling word; copying material from books, boards)

 

    • Providing the student (and parent) with advance notice on assignments for the next week. Because children with ADHD become overwhelmed, easily upset, and mentally fatigued in the evening, it can be beneficial to provide the student with next week’s spelling list or assignments in social studies or English on a Friday, so that they can get a “head start” on homework.

 

    • Use a “class-wide” Color Chart System and provide parents with a daily report on the child’s performance so that parents can reinforce at home (e.g. if the child “gave the teacher a hard time about doing a particular task”, then the child can be required to do something to “make up” with his teacher and complete the task or equivalent before play time)

Middle/High School:

    • Provide the student with an agenda to record assignments

 

    • Collaborate with the case manager/resource room teacher to provide weekly progress notes on any missing assignments. Avoidance of tasks requiring sustained mental effort is one of the primary symptoms of ADHD. It is essential that parents and teachers collaborate to “close the loop” and make sure that avoiding work does not pay.

 

    • When possible, provide student with advance notice on the next weeks assignments so that they can get a head start.

 

    • Encourage the student to become skilled at word processing via a computer or “Alpha Smart/Dream Writer”. Student’s with ADHD often write too little or illegibly because the act of writing has been adversely affected by ADHD. By viewing their writing sample on a screen and reducing the amount of effort needed to produce a letter, students with ADHD are often able to improve the quality and quantity of their writing.

 

    • Assist the student in developing note taking and study skills. If the student demonstrates an inability to sustain concentration while listening or reading, collaborate with his case manager or resource room teacher to provide notes and study guides. The key is to accommodate and remediate.

 

    • Avoid debates with the student. ADHD is a condition associated with impairment of the frontal lobes. Don’t attempt to reason with a student with ADHD who is clearly upset. If they are becoming disruptive in the class, suggest that they regroup at their seat, in the back of the class, or at the nurses or counselors office (or other approved locations). Students with ADHD will typically calm within a few minutes unless engaged.

In general, it is important that you realize that ADHD is a medical condition that requires a combination of medical, psychological, nutritional and educational interventions. If a student with ADHD continues to be disruptive and upset each week, their parents, physician, psychologist or counselor needs to be informed so that treatment can be adjusted. Neither you nor the child will benefit from persistent outbursts in the class.

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